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Summary and outlook In recent years, substantial clinical and basic research has advanced our understanding of heat stress-induced liver injury, yet its complex pathogenesischaracterized by interconnected mechanisms including hyperthermia-induced direct hepatocyte damage, oxidative stress, inflammatory cascades, and diverse programmed cell death modes (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis)remains incompletely elucidated
10.3390/nu8120772 Nutrients
However, elevated MMA and homocysteine concentrations may persist in patients with cobalamin concentrations between 200 and 350 pg/mL
Managing GERD, maintaining healthy weight, avoiding smoking/alcohol, and eating anti-inflammatory foods significantly reduce progression risk through prevention-focused naturopathic care