FIGURE 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Pathway Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) belongs to silk/threonine protein kinase, mainly including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) subfamily, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and ERK5 (Wang, 2007
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By activating both receptors, oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure, reduces appetite, promotes weight loss, and improves glucose tolerance, showcasing the therapeutic potential of this dual mechanism [79]
Oxidative damage markers decreased by up to 72% (NIH)
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