The GutBrainMitochondria Axis in Autism The process can be understood as a biological cascade: Gut dysbiosis imbalance in the microbiome Leaky gut increased intestinal permeability Microbial metabolites enter the bloodstream Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress occur in the brain Mitochondrial dysfunction affects neuronal development This interconnected system helps explain why many children with ASD experience gastrointestinal symptoms, immune irregularities, and metabolic differences alongside neurological symptoms
Yet, the etiology appears to be multifactorial, as a number of other causative factors have been suggested for KBD, including fungal toxins in grain, iodine deficiency, and contaminated drinking water (52)
Mitchell JL, Lyons HS, Walker JK, Yiangou A, Grech O, Alimajstorovic Z, Greig NH, Li Y, Tsermoulas G, Brock K, Mollan SP, Sinclair AJ
Amylin is a hormone the pancreas co-releases with insulin after a meal
Inform healthcare providers about peptide use when discussing medications
