GHK-Cu is reported to be water-stable in about pH 4.57.4 and is more vulnerable to basic conditions, oxidation, and some chelating ingredients , so this formula keeps things simple and water-based
GHK-Cu clinically shown to support up to 70% collagen activity*
intestinalis including gene products (highlighted in gray) contributing to the biosynthesis of glutathione [GCLC, GCLM, GSS, GGT1, xCT (SLC7A11)], its use as a redox buffer [GLRX, GPX1, GSR], and as a conjugate in phase II detoxification [GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTP1, MRP2 (ABCC2)], as well as known transcriptional regulators [NRF2 (NFE2l2), KEAP1, MAFF, BACH1, LXRA (NR1H3), FXR (NR1H4), and RXRA]
In animal studies, it has shown the ability to speed up healing in tendons, ligaments, and the gut lining, likely by encouraging the growth of new blood vessels and stimulating the cells that build connective tissue
(vi) distal third of the stomach (the gastric or pyloric antrum)