Standard precautionary principles recommend avoiding use during pregnancy absent compelling medical necessity and informed risk-benefit assessment
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Zimmermann, N
Clinical features of RA primarily include joint swelling, pain, stiffness, weakness, deformity, and fatigue ( Innate immunity plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of RA, including various innate immune cells and components ( The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway is crucial for cells to recognize and respond to cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), serving as a primary driver for the establishment of innate immunity through the induction of IFN-I ( 2 An overview of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is widely distributed in immune cells, non-immune cells, tumor cells, and other tissue-derived cells ( cGAS, acts as a cytosolic DNA sensor, recognizing DNA in the cytoplasm that originates from pathogens, mitochondria, micronuclei, and dead cells ( STING, initially identified before cGAS, is a 379 amino acid protein located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane ( Figure 1 ) ( Figure 1 cGAS-STING signaling activation and IFN-I production are involved in multiple pathological and physiological processes
Consequences for tissue homeostasis and disease In the previous section, we have discussed how NRF2-regulated cellular metabolism supports the antioxidant program
