The primers are listed in Additional file 1
The protective effects of Pycnogenol on DNA, protein or lipid oxidation as well as its effects on blood antioxidant capacity were validated in several RDP studies on cardiovascular health, on cognitive function in older and young people, on menopause and on sports ( , like the reduction of inflammation mediators was shown in RDP trials on joint health as well as on respiratory health ( s favorable impact on blood circulation was demonstrated in multiple ways, like the improvement of endothelial function or microcirculation in clinical RDP trials on cardiovascular health, chronic venous insufficiency, on skin and hair health, eye health and menopause ( on the extracellular matrix, observed in RDP studies ( s positive effects on its largely diversified areas of application
Gonzlez F, Considine RV, Abdelhadi OA, Acton AJ
These overlapping influences converge on shared molecular nodes such as PFKFB3, eNOS, ADMA, ROS, and BH 4 /BH 2 , whose dysregulation reflects and reinforces vascular aging and atherosclerosis
PMID: 22187690 31
