Oxidative stress contributes to PD pathogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and neuroinflammation [159]
SMD: standardized mean difference
2.4 Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects GLP-1 receptor agonists have substantial immunomodulatory effects that beyond basic metabolic control
After 4 weeks of oral administration of 5amino1mq tablets (510 mg/kg) to aged mice (1820 months old), muscle mass was significantly increased, grip strength was enhanced by approximately 40% compared with the control group, and muscle endurance and exercise capacity were also notably improved.Further studies revealed that 5amino1mq inhibits excessive NNMT activation in muscle tissue, restores NAD levels, activates the SIRT1 pathway, reduces muscle protein degradation, and promotes muscle protein synthesis, thereby maintaining muscle mass
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