Eventually, the adenoma may become large enough to cause headaches, impair vision by pressure on the optic nerves, or cause deficiency of other pituitary hormones by displacement
The second step in GSH synthesis is irreversible and mediated by glutathione synthetase (GS)
from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the European Research Council.

Similar content being viewed by others Log in or create a free account to read this content Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com or Abbreviations AML: acute myeloid leukemia AP-1: activator protein-1 ASK1: apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 BCNU: N,N -bis(2-chloroethyl)- N -nitrosourea CDNB: 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene CFU-GM: colony forming unit-granulocyte, monocyte DXR: doxorubicin EA: ethacrynic acid ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil GSH: glutathione GST: glutathione S -transferase H 2 O 2 : hydrogen peroxide HEL: Haloenol lactone HFF: human foreskin fibroblast JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPEG: membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome NCI: National Cancer Institute NTZ: nitazoxanide ROS: reactive oxygen species TLK117: ( -glutamyl- S -(benzyl)cysteinyl- R (-)-phenylglycine) TRAF2: TNF receptor-associated factor 2 UV: ultraviolet References Litwack G, Ketterer B, Arias IM

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