old west chewing tobacco in the The Chew Road to Knowledge

[27] Effects during pregnancy [edit] Chewing tobacco can cause adverse reproductive effects including stillbirth, premature birth, low birth weight

See also [edit] References [edit] "Use of smokeless tobacco and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis" (PDF)

[27] [28] Nicotine in chewing tobacco products that are used during pregnancy can affect how a baby's brain develops before birth

[43] A historian of the American South in the late 1860s reported on typical usage in the region where it was grown, paying close attention to class and gender: [44] The chewing of tobacco was well-nigh universal

A few years before he died, Tuttle had many of his teeth, his jawbone, his gums, and his right cheekbone removed