A 2021 review published in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy explains that silymarin, the main active compound in milk thistle, can:25 Regulate the cell cycle, helping to ensure proper division and replication Induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, by which the body can eliminate mutated cells (e.g., cancer cells) Regulate the body's immune response, increasing its ability to recognize and attack cancer cells Keep tumor cells from growing and spreading Inhibit angiogenesis, the process by which tumors create new blood vessels that increase their blood supply and help them grow The review specifically discusses silymarin's therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal cancer, but as another set of researchers note, silymarin has a pleiotropic effect, meaning it can act on multiple targets.26 Again, more research may be needed, but the current science suggests that milk thistle may have fairly broad complementary utility in cancer therapy

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between adherence to Mediterranean diet with physical performance and cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lipids 1864 (3), 271280
2.2 Key technological milestones in nanoencapsulation for nutraceuticals The development of nanoencapsulation technologies in nutraceuticals has progressed through several key phases, reflecting a transition from basic protection of ingredients to advanced, multifunctional delivery systems
Copper peptides also have antioxidant properties, which means they're active in protecting cells from oxidative stress a key factor in cellular damage and aging