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After all, it can bring disease or disability to almost every organ and system we depend on for survival

This can create problems in their social lives and professional careers

According to a CDC and FDA analysis of data from the 2024 survey, e-cigarette use among middle and high school students declined from 7.7% to 5.9%

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1 Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third cause of death in the world, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, and has become a major disease burden worldwide ( 2 Pathology of COPD The two main pathological types of COPD are small airway disease due to fibrosis around the bronchioles and emphysema due to destruction of the alveolar walls, which can be distinguished by computed tomography (CT) examination