Examples of cigarette, cigar, pipe tobacco and smokeless tobacco packages showing plain and standardized packaging features under consideration can be found in Appendix A
For causal mediation analysis, the directed acyclic graph (Figure 1) depicts the assumed causal relationships between household SHS exposure (exposure), self-reported smoking status, asthma status (mediators), sex, nativity (pre-exposure confounders) and the atopic dermatitis status (outcome)
Lighters are used as an alternative against matches and can be carried around without damages
Venza I, Visalli M, Oteri R, et al
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