adding alcohol to chewing tobacco and - Worse As Combo Smokeless tobacco products can put

This investigation relied on existing published data

ABCB1 genetic polymorphism and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers among smokers, tobacco chewers and alcoholics in an Indian population

Fourteen months later both of them still use tobacco, so

The research instrument was a survey questionnaire that included 16 questions of either closed-ended type or combined closed and open-ended type

The lifetime risk of lung cancer is about 6%, including both smokers and non-smokers, so to find the lifetime risk for non-smokers, we can solve this equation for x: p(smoker) x + p(non-smoker) (25 x) = 6% 0.8x + 0.2(25x) = 0.06 Which means the lifetime risk is about 1% for non-smokers and 25% for smokers