Related Stories Short bouts of exercise help smokers manage immediate nicotine cravings Study measures smoking-related mechanical changes in human lungs Smoking reprograms immune cells to accelerate cardiovascular disease Certain limitations of the methodology must be emphasized, such as the inability to assume causality as this is primarily an observational study and the issue with data generalizability across different age groups and cultures

Present trends in female smoking, and this report, suggest that inclusion of a female perspective in tobacco-control policies is crucial. In a linked Comment, Dr Matthew A Steliga, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA, and Dr Carolyn M Dresler, Tobacco Prevention and Cessation Program, Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, USA, say: What makes the realisation that women are at increased risk worrisome is that the tobacco industry views women as its growth market. They conclude: National and international organisations such as the International Network of Women Against Tobacco and the WHOs Tobacco Free Initiative are important reference organisations to promote more effective tobacco cessation in women
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Olmstead, M
When cigarettes began, which was, believe it or not, only at the turn of the 20th century